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Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles Appendix 4: Undesignated Vehicles |
5-Inch Rockets |
Copyright © 2003-2006 Andreas Parsch |
5-Inch FFAR (Forward Firing Aircraft Rocket)
The first air-launched 5-inch rocket of the U.S. Navy was a derivative of an earlier3.5-inch FFAR, which was developedby the Navy from June 1943 as an aircraft-launched ASW (Anti-Submarine Warfare) rocket.The 3.5-inch FFAR was considered accurate enough for use against surface ships and land targets, but needed an explosive warheadfor these missions. A 5-inch anti-aircraft shell was modified as a warhead for the 3.5-inch rocket motor. The resulting rocket wasthe 5-Inch FFAR, which entered service in December 1943. Because of the increased weight, the speed of the 5-inch FFAR wasonly 780 km/h (485 mph).
Image: via ORDATA Website |
5-Inch FFAR |
The 5-inch FFAR was also used from LSM(R) (Medium Landing Ship, Rocket) type vessels as an interim 5-inch beach bombardment rocketbefore the better-suited spin-stabilized 5-Inch HVSR (High-Velocity Spinner Rocket) became available. Active dock 1 1 1999.
Holy Moses HVAR
The 5-inch FFAR suffered from insufficient speed because of its small motor. Therefore the development of a larger rocketmotor with 5-inch diameter was begun, and the first test firings occurred in December 1943. When fitted with the warhead of the5-inch FFAR, the rocket achieved a velocity of 1530 km/h (950 mph), making it a very powerful weapon for its time. It was officiallydesignated as 5-Inch HVAR (High-Velocity Aircraft Rocket), but often called Holy Moses. It became operational in July 1944,and was used by Army Air Force and Navy aircraft.
Photo: U.S. Navy |
Holy Moses |
During World War II, two versions of Holy Moses were built, one general-purpose with base and nose fuzes, and one witha semi-armour-piercing warhead and a nose fuze only. Postwar developments added a shaped-charge anti-tank warhead, and a newgeneral purpose type with a proximity fuze. More than one million Holy Moses HVARs were built until production ended in 1955.
MK 16Zuni FFAR (Folding-Fin Aircraft Rocket)
In the early 1950s, the NOTS (Naval Ordnance Test Station) China Lake began to develop a new 5-inch rocket to replacethe Holy Moses HVAR. The new rocket used folding fins to allow efficient carriage in streamlined multi-tube launch pods.The rocket, known as Zuni 5-inch FFAR (Folding-Fin Aircraft Rocket), was designed as a modular system,and allowed the use of different types of warhead and fuze. Options included general-purpose and shaped-charged warheads,point-detonation, delayed-action and proximity fuzes. The latter option was intended for air-to-air application, but Zuniwas almost exclusively used as an air-to-ground weapon. For a list of current warheads, see section on the MK 71 motor below.The Zuni FFAR was approved for production in 1957 and quickly replacedthe earlier HVARs. Although a number of different launchers were tested with Zuni, the rocket was eventually deployedprimarily in four-tube pods of the LAU-10/A series. The exact length and weight of the Zuni depends on the warhead,but typical values are 2.79 m (110 in) and 48.5 kg (107 lb), respectively.
Photo: via Ordway/Wakeford |
ZuniMK 16 |
Designation Note: No formal designations are allocated to all-up 5-inch Zuni rockets.Instead, the rocket type is generally identified by the designation of the motor assembly, which is the main body of the rocketand includes nozzle and fins. The original production Zuni motor is designated MK 16, and the ultimate variantis the MK 16 MOD 3. The various warheads are typically usable with all availablemotors, and are presumably often fitted to the rockets in the field only briefly before actual use. Therefore it was apparentlydeemed unnecessary to assign MK/MOD designations to every specific combination of rocket and payload.In fact, the original edition of the current designation system for rockets and missilesexplicitly excluded unguided line-of-sight rockets from the system.
Photo: McDonnell Douglas |
ZuniMK 16 |
The Zuni was widely used by U.S. Navy and Marine Corps aircraft in Vietnam. However, the rocket was also the cause ofthe worst accident on a modern USN aircraft carrier, when a Zuni motor was inadvertently ignitedon deck of USS Forrestal in July 1967.
MK 71Zuni
The current 5-inch Zuni rockets use the MK 71 motor. It uses a smoke-less propellant and has a completelynew nozzle/fin assembly. The latter has four wrap-around type fins, and therefore the MK 71 is sometimes called a WAFAR(Wrap-Around Fin Aerial Rocket) instead of an FFAR. The actual diameter of the MK 71 is quoted as 130 mm (5.12 in).The MK 71 MOD 0 began to replace the MK 16 in June 1971, but was soon superseded by the MK 71 MOD 1, whichentered full production in September 1973. The MK 71 MOD 1is the only Zuni motor currently in use, and is a HERO (Hazards of Electromagnetic Radiation to Ordnance) safemodification of the MOD 0. The MK 71 rockets are fired from LAU-10C/A and LAU-10D/A 4-tube pods, the earlier launcher versions(through LAU-10B/A) being incompatible with the new motor. The LAU-10C/A is for shore-based use only, because it lacks thethermal protection coating of the -10D/A.
Photo: U.S. Navy |
LAU-10C/B or -10D/B (exact model unknown) |
![Rocket Pro 1 6 128 Rocket Pro 1 6 128](https://www.notebookcheck.net/fileadmin/Notebooks/realme/6/realme_6_Comet_White_Back.jpg)
Rocket Pro 1 6 128 Mm
A wide variety of warheads is available for the MK 71 rocket. The following table lists the basic characteristics (length, weight) ofMK 71 Zuni rockets with the warhead/fuze combinations currently used by the U.S. Navy:
Rocket Pro 1 6 128 Gb
Warhead | Warhead Type | Fuze | Length | Weight |
MK 24 MOD 0/1 | General Purpose | MK 93 MOD 0 | 249.4 cm (98.18 in) | 56.8 kg (125.2 lb) |
MK 188 MOD 0 | 240.0 cm (94.48 in) | |||
MK 352 MOD 2 | ||||
FMU-90/B | ||||
MK 32 MOD 0 | Anti-Tank/Anti-Personnel | MK 93 MOD 0 | 277.9 cm (109.41 in) | 56.3 kg (124.13 lb) |
MK 188 MOD 0 | 268.5 cm (105.71 in) | |||
MK 352 MOD 2 | ||||
FMU-90/B | ||||
MK 33 MOD 1 | Illumination Flare | MK 193 MOD 0 | 274.6 cm (108.12 in) | 56.9 kg (125.4 lb) |
MK 34 MOD 0 | Smoke (White Phosphorus) | MK 93 MOD 0 | 247.1 cm (97.28 in) | 58.2 kg (128.33 lb) |
MK 188 MOD 0 | 237.7 cm (93.58 in) | |||
MK 352 MOD 2 | ||||
FMU-90/B | ||||
MK 34 MOD 2 | Smoke (Red Phosphorus) | MK 188 MOD 0 | ||
MK 352 MOD 2 | ||||
MK 63 MOD 0 | Fragmentation | MK 93 MOD 0 | 287.5 cm (113.19 in) | 62.7 kg (138.3 lb) |
MK 352 MOD 2 | 278.1 cm (109.49 in) | |||
FMU-90/B | ||||
MK 84 MOD 4 | Chaff/Countermeasures | FMU-136/B | 240.0 cm (94.48 in) | 56.8 kg (125.2 lb) |
RR-182/AL | ||||
MK 6 MOD 7 | Practice | n/a (nose plug) | 237.7 cm (93.58 in) | 58.2 kg (128.33 lb) |
MK 24 MOD 0 | n/a (ogive) | 241.9 cm (95.25 in) | 58.0 kg (127.84 lb) | |
WTU-11/B | inert MK 93 MOD 0 | 268.5 cm (105.71 in) | 56.3 kg (124.13 lb) |
![Rocket pro 1 6 128 gb Rocket pro 1 6 128 gb](https://www.tweaktown.com/images/content/9/4/9457_11_sabrent-rocket-pro-portable-ssd-review.png)
Specifications
Note: Data given by several sources show slight variations. Figures given below may therefore be inaccurate!
Data for 5-inch FFAR, 5-inch HVAR, ZuniMK 16, ZuniMK 71:
5' FFAR | 5' HVAR | ZuniMK 16 | ZuniMK 71 | |
Length | 1.65 m (5 ft 5 in) | 1.83 m (6 ft) | 1.95 m (77 in) (motor only)* | 1.94 m (76.3 in) (motor only)* |
Weight | 36 kg (80 lb) | 64 kg (140 lb) | 26.7 kg (58.9 lb) (motor only)* | 36.1 kg (79.5 lb) (motor only)* |
Diameter | Warhead: 12.7 cm (5 in) Motor: 8.9 cm (3.5 in) | 12.7 cm (5 in) | 12.7 cm (5 in) | 13 cm (5.12 in) |
Speed | 780 km/h (485 mph) | 1530 km/h (950 mph) | 2600 km/h (1615 mph) | |
Range | < 1.6 km (1 mile) | 5 km (3 miles) | 8 km (5 miles) | |
Propulsion | Caltech 3.5-in. rocket | Solid-fueled rocket | Solid-fueled rocket; 3.6 kN (800 lb) for 1.3 s | Solid-fueled rocket |
Warhead | 20 kg (45 lb) HE warhead (& others) | (various) |
Main Sources
[1] Navy Training System Plan for theConsolidated Rocket Systems (N88-NTSP-A-50-9801/A), August 2000(formerly public, but access now restricted to authorized persons only)
[2] Norman Friedman: 'World Naval Weapons Systems, 1997/98', Naval Institute Press, 1997
[3] Norman Friedman: 'US Naval Weapons', Conway Maritime Press, 1983
[4] Norman J. Bowman: 'The Handbook of Rockets and Guided Missiles', Perastadion Press, 1963
[5] Frederick I. Ordway III, Ronald C. Wakeford: 'International Missile and Spacecraft Guide', McGraw-Hill, 1960
[2] Norman Friedman: 'World Naval Weapons Systems, 1997/98', Naval Institute Press, 1997
[3] Norman Friedman: 'US Naval Weapons', Conway Maritime Press, 1983
[4] Norman J. Bowman: 'The Handbook of Rockets and Guided Missiles', Perastadion Press, 1963
[5] Frederick I. Ordway III, Ronald C. Wakeford: 'International Missile and Spacecraft Guide', McGraw-Hill, 1960
Back to Directory of U.S. Military Rockets and Missiles, Appendix 4